??此系列是本人一个字一个字码出来的,包括示例和实验截图。由于系统内核的复杂性,故可能有错误或者不全面的地方,如有错误,欢迎批评指正,本教程将会长期更新。 如有好的建议,欢迎反馈。码字不易,如果本篇文章有帮助你的,如有闲钱,可以打赏支持我的创作。如想转载,请把我的转载信息附在文章后面,并声明我的个人信息和本人博客地址即可,但必须事先通知我。
你如果是从中间插过来看的,请仔细阅读 羽夏看Win系统内核——简述 ,方便学习本教程。
??看此教程之前,问几个问题,基础知识储备好了吗?保护模式篇学会了吗?练习做完了吗?没有的话就不要继续了。
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?? 华丽的分割线 ??
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??之前我们介绍了异常的记录。既然记录好的异常,我肯定需要分发来处理它。对于异常有来自用户模式的异常和内核态的异常。在我们之前学习中,它们的区别还是挺大的。无论是内核的异常,还是用户的异常,异常处理的重心我们得放到KiDispatchException这个函数的分析上,先介绍相对简单的内核异常处理流程。
??对于内核异常处理,我们先看看KiDispatchException的处理流程:
KeContextFromKframes将TrapFrame备份到Context,为返回3环做准备。RtlDispatchException,查找并调用异常处理函数。FALSE,再次判断是否有内核调试器,有调用,没有直接蓝屏。??下面我们通过反汇编的形式过一遍这个流程:
push 390hpush offset stru_401FA0call __SEH_prologmov eax, ___security_cookiemov [ebp+security_cookie], eaxmov esi, [ebp+ExceptionRecord]mov [ebp+var_ExceptionRecord], esimov ecx, [ebp+ExceptionFrame]mov [ebp+var_ExceptionFrame], ecxmov ebx, [ebp+TrapFrame]mov [ebp+var_TrapFrame], ebxdb 3Ehmov eax, ds:0FFDFF020hinc [eax+_KPRCB.KeExceptionDispatchCount] ; 异常派发数加1mov [ebp+Context.ContextFlags], 10017hcmp [ebp+PreviousMode], 1jz short IsUserModecmp _KdDebuggerEnabled, 0jz short KernelModeAndNoDBG??函数开始开始赋值一波,然后判断否是为3环,但我们是内核的,故不会跳转,然后cmp _KdDebuggerEnabled, 0判断调试器是否开启,具体将会在调试篇进行讲解,这里就不多说了。
??这里我们没有调试器,就会跳转到下面的汇编代码:
KernelModeAndNoDBG: ; CODE XREF: KiDispatchException(x,x,x,x,x)+55↑j ; KiDispatchException(x,x,x,x,x)+68↑j lea eax, [ebp+Context] push eax ; ContextRecord push ecx ; ExceptionFrame push ebx ; TrapFrame call _KeContextFromKframes@12 ; KeContextFromKframes(x,x,x) mov eax, [esi] cmp eax, STATUS_BREAKPOINT jz short IsBreakPoint cmp eax, KI_EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION jnz short OtherExceptionProc mov dword ptr [esi], STATUS_ACCESS_VIOLATION cmp [ebp+PreviousMode], 1 jnz short OtherExceptionProc lea eax, [ebp+Context] push eax ; Context push esi ; ExceptionRecord call _KiCheckForAtlThunk@8 ; KiCheckForAtlThunk(x,x) test al, al jnz loc_425AFD cmp byte ptr ds:0FFDF0280h, 1 jnz short OtherExceptionProc cmp dword ptr [esi+14h], 8 jnz short OtherExceptionProc test _KeNumberProcessors+0Fh, 40h jnz short loc_425A30 mov eax, large fs:_KPCR.PrcbData.CurrentThread mov eax, [eax+_KTHREAD.ApcState.Process] test [eax+_EPROCESS.Pcb.___u27.Flags._bf_0], 2 jnz short loc_425A30 test _KeNumberProcessors+0Fh, 80h jnz short OtherExceptionProc mov eax, large fs:_KPCR.PrcbData.CurrentThread mov eax, [eax+_KTHREAD.ApcState.Process] test [eax+_EPROCESS.Pcb.___u27.Flags._bf_0], 1 jnz short OtherExceptionProc??这里就开始将TrapFrame备份到Context,首先判断是否是int3断点,如果是的话就会跳转到如下代码:
IsBreakPoint: ; CODE XREF: KiDispatchException(x,x,x,x,x)+89↑j dec [ebp+Context._Eip]OtherExceptionProc: ; CODE XREF: KiDispatchException(x,x,x,x,x)+90↑j ; KiDispatchException(x,x,x,x,x)+9C↑j ... xor edi, ediDebugRoutine: ; CODE XREF: KiDispatchException(x,x,x,x,x)+F7↑j??该代码就会修正EIP,继续下面的流程。如果不是断点,就判断一系列的异常,并进行相应的处理,如果都不是就跳转到所谓的OtherExceptionProc进行处理:
DebugRoutine: ; CODE XREF: KiDispatchException(x,x,x,x,x)+F7↑j cmp [ebp+PreviousMode], 0 jnz short UserMode cmp [ebp+FirstChance], 1 jnz short SecondChance mov eax, _KiDebugRoutine cmp eax, edi ; edi = 0 jz short NoDebugRoutine push edi ; SecondChance push edi ; PreviousMode lea ecx, [ebp+Context] push ecx ; ContextRecord push esi ; ExceptionRecord push [ebp+var_ExceptionFrame] ; ExceptionFrame push ebx ; TrapFrame call eax ; _KiDebugRoutine test al, al jnz loc_425AFDNoDebugRoutine: ; CODE XREF: KiDispatchException(x,x,x,x,x)+114↑j lea eax, [ebp+Context] push eax ; Context push esi ; ExceptionRecord call _RtlDispatchException@8 ; RtlDispatchException(x,x) cmp al, 1 jz short loc_425AFD??这里同理,我们没有调试器,就会调用RtlDispatchException这个函数。如果失败,就会继续执行下面的代码:
jz short loc_425AFD SecondChance: ; CODE XREF: KiDispatchException(x,x,x,x,x)+10B↑j mov eax, _KiDebugRoutine cmp eax, edi jz NoDebugRoutine_0 push 1 ; SecondChance push edi ; PreviousMode lea ecx, [ebp+Context] push ecx ; ContextRecord push esi ; ExceptionRecord push [ebp+var_ExceptionFrame] ; ExceptionFrame push ebx ; TrapFrame call eax ; _KiDebugRoutine test al, al jnz short loc_425AFD jmp NoDebugRoutine_0??就继续判断有没有调试器,但我这里没有,就会跳到下面的汇编代码:
NoDebugRoutine_0: ; CODE XREF: KiDispatchException(x,x,x,x,x)+149↑j ; KiDispatchException(x,x,x,x,x)+167↑j push edi ; BugCheckParameter4 push ebx ; BugCheckParameter3 push [esi+_EXCEPTION_RECORD32.ExceptionAddress] ; BugCheckParameter2 push [esi+_EXCEPTION_RECORD32.ExceptionCode] ; BugCheckParameter1 push KERNEL_MODE_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLED ; BugCheckCode call _KeBugCheckEx@20 ; KeBugCheckEx(x,x,x,x,x)??上面的代码,就是所谓的蓝屏。有关内核异常处理就介绍到这里,具体的细节将会到总结与提升篇进行介绍。
??对于用户异常处理,我们先看看KiDispatchException的处理流程:
KeContextFromKframes将TrapFrame备份到Context,为返回3环做准备。??有了内核异常的介绍,我就不赘述了,直接定位到关键代码:
inc [eax+_KPRCB.KeExceptionDispatchCount] ; 异常派发数加1mov [ebp+Context.ContextFlags], 10017hcmp [ebp+PreviousMode], 1jz short IsUserModecmp _KdDebuggerEnabled, 0jz short KernelModeAndNoDBG??这里我们是用户的异常,所以会跳转:
IsUserMode: ; CODE XREF: KiDispatchException(x,x,x,x,x)+4C↑j mov [ebp+Context.ContextFlags], 1001Fh cmp _KeI386XMMIPresent, 0 jz short KernelModeAndNoDBG mov [ebp+Context.ContextFlags], 1003FhKernelModeAndNoDBG: ; CODE XREF: KiDispatchException(x,x,x,x,x)+55↑j ; KiDispatchException(x,x,x,x,x)+68↑j lea eax, [ebp+Context]??这里就是赋值,不是我们关注的重点,我们继续:
KernelModeAndNoDBG: ; CODE XREF: KiDispatchException(x,x,x,x,x)+55↑j ; KiDispatchException(x,x,x,x,x)+68↑j lea eax, [ebp+Context] push eax ; ContextRecord push ecx ; ExceptionFrame push ebx ; TrapFrame call _KeContextFromKframes@12 ; KeContextFromKframes(x,x,x) mov eax, [esi] cmp eax, STATUS_BREAKPOINT jz short IsBreakPoint cmp eax, KI_EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION jnz short OtherExceptionProc mov dword ptr [esi], STATUS_ACCESS_VIOLATION cmp [ebp+PreviousMode], 1 jnz short OtherExceptionProc lea eax, [ebp+Context] push eax ; Context push esi ; ExceptionRecord call _KiCheckForAtlThunk@8 ; KiCheckForAtlThunk(x,x) test al, al jnz loc_425AFD cmp byte ptr ds:0FFDF0280h, 1 jnz short OtherExceptionProc cmp dword ptr [esi+14h], 8 jnz short OtherExceptionProc test _KeNumberProcessors+0Fh, 40h jnz short loc_425A30 mov eax, large fs:_KPCR.PrcbData.CurrentThread mov eax, [eax+_KTHREAD.ApcState.Process] test [eax+_EPROCESS.Pcb.___u27.Flags._bf_0], 2 jnz short loc_425A30 test _KeNumberProcessors+0Fh, 80h jnz short OtherExceptionProc mov eax, large fs:_KPCR.PrcbData.CurrentThread mov eax, [eax+_KTHREAD.ApcState.Process] test [eax+_EPROCESS.Pcb.___u27.Flags._bf_0], 1 jnz short OtherExceptionProc??由于我们是3环的,就会调用到KiCheckForAtlThunk这个函数作用如下:
This marks the beginning of an x86 ATL thunk. Control will branch here if the ATL thunk was built in memory marked no execute. If that is the case, then the thunk code will be emulated and control returned to the thread.
??看描述并不是我们关注的重点,继续走到了我所标注的DebugRoutine:
DebugRoutine: ; CODE XREF: KiDispatchException(x,x,x,x,x)+F7↑j cmp [ebp+PreviousMode], 0 jnz short UserMode_0 cmp [ebp+FirstChance], 1 jnz short SecondChance mov eax, _KiDebugRoutine cmp eax, edi ; edi = 0 jz short NoDebugRoutine push edi ; SecondChance push edi ; PreviousMode lea ecx, [ebp+Context] push ecx ; ContextRecord push esi ; ExceptionRecord push [ebp+var_ExceptionFrame] ; ExceptionFrame push ebx ; TrapFrame call eax ; _KiDebugRoutine test al, al jnz loc_425AFD??由于我们是用户态,就直接跳转到UserMode_0:
UserMode_0: ; CODE XREF: KiDispatchException(x,x,x,x,x)+105↑j cmp [ebp+FirstChance], 1 jnz SecondChance_0 cmp _KiDebugRoutine, edi jz short NoDebugRoutine_1 mov eax, large fs:_KPCR.PrcbData.CurrentThread mov eax, [eax+_KTHREAD.ApcState.Process] cmp [eax+_EPROCESS.DebugPort], edi jz short NoDebugPort push 1 lea eax, [ebp+Context] push eax push esi call _KdIsThisAKdTrap@12 ; KdIsThisAKdTrap(x,x,x) test al, al jz short NoDebugRoutine_1NoDebugPort: ; CODE XREF: KiDispatchException(x,x,x,x,x)+18D↑j push edi ; SecondChance push dword ptr [ebp+PreviousMode] ; PreviousMode lea eax, [ebp+Context] push eax ; ContextRecord push esi ; ExceptionRecord push [ebp+var_ExceptionFrame] ; ExceptionFrame push ebx ; TrapFrame call _KiDebugRoutine test al, al jz short NoDebugRoutine_1??由于我们不是调试模式,会跳到NoDebugRoutine_1:
NoDebugRoutine_1: ; CODE XREF: KiDispatchException(x,x,x,x,x)+17C↑j ; KiDispatchException(x,x,x,x,x)+1A0↑j ... push edi ; SecondChance push 1 ; DebugException push esi ; ExceptionRecord call _DbgkForwardException@12 ; DbgkForwardException(x,x,x) test al, al jnz short EndProc mov [ebp+var_SecondChance], edi??DbgkForwardException就是向3环派发处理异常了,如果没有调试器的话,就会继续往下走,最终会到如下代码:
mov [ebx+_KTRAP_FRAME.SegFs], eaxand [ebx+_KTRAP_FRAME.SegGs], 0mov eax, _KeUserExceptionDispatchermov [ebx+_KTRAP_FRAME._Eip], eaxor [ebp+ms_exc.registration.TryLevel], 0FFFFFFFFh??这里就开始修改KTRAP_FRAME开始回到3环进行处理,剩余的具体细节的讲解同样将会在总结与提升进行。
??异常篇—— VEH 与 SEH
