Bootstrap 是最受欢迎的 HTML、CSS 和 JS 框架,用于开发响应式布局、移动设备优先的 WEB 项目。
该框架是很多前端框架的鼻祖 学会它几乎可以熟悉很多框架的原理
地址:https://v3.bootcss.com/
bootstrap需要依赖于jQuery才能正常执行(动态效果)
PS: 第一次使用该框架的时候最好采用本地导入的方式,让pycharm记住bootstrap的关键字。
1.引入jQuery2.引入bootstrap的css文件3.引入bootstrap的js文件将下载完的文件夹拖到pycharm编程项目中即可。(推荐3.4版本非常稳定)
1.引入jQuery CDN2.引入bootstrap css的 CDN3.引入bootstrap js的 CDN导入到HTML文件中的<head>即可,如下图
下面进入第一个重要知识点,学会后就可以自己搭建页面了。
首先了解下多数浏览页面的左右两侧都有空白区域————称谓左右留白
container 左右留白container-fluid 左右不留白
实际效果图:
Bootstrap 提供了一套响应式、移动设备优先的流式栅格系统,随着屏幕或视口(viewport)尺寸的增加,系统会自动分为最多12列,即响应式布局。
该系统能够自动监测浏览器窗口大小,从而根据大小来进行变化。
参数及使用:
row 行 # 一个row就是一行 一行是固定的12份col-md-1 占几份col-sm-1 占几份col-xs-1 占几份col-lg-1 占几份实测:
代码:
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <link href="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <style> .c1{ background-color: red; height: 200px; border: 5px solid black; } </style></head><body> <div > <div ></div> <div ></div> <div ></div> </div></body></html>实际效果图:
这样只是在网页端是分布式布局,但是切换到移动端就变了,所以需要增加代码。
<div ></div><div ></div>我这里将移动端页面改为4、8分成。
以下就是栅格系统需要掌握的代码参数
PS:对于小白来说,掌握这些就足够了!
列偏移:就是将任意份数的一行,进行向左或向右移动的操作。
col-md-offset-3 向右移动3份
编写一个表格,如下折叠代码。
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <link href="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script></head><body> <div > <div > // 向右移动3份,居中 <div > // 文本直接text-center即可。 <h2 >用户数据表单</h2> // 添加表格的样式,用着三个即可。 <table > <thead> <tr> <th>ID</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Age</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>张三</td> <td>18</td> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>李四</td> <td>18</td> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>王五</td> <td>18</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div></body></html>使用框架调整页面样式一般都是操作标签的class属性。即table中的class,添加了多种样式。class = "table"table-hover 悬浮table-bordered 增加边框table-striped 增加背景颜色实际效果图如下:
增加颜色后的body代码如下:
<body> <div > <div ><!-- 向右移动3份,居中--> <div ><!-- 文本直接text-center即可。--> <h2 >用户数据表单</h2><!-- 添加表格的样式,用着三个即可。--> <table > <thead> <tr > <th>ID</th> <th>Name</th> <th></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr > <td>1</td> <td>张三</td> <td></td> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr > <td>2</td> <td>李四</td> <td></td> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr > <td>3</td> <td>王五</td> <td></td> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr > <td>4</td> <td>赵六</td> <td></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div></body>实际效果图:
在form表单的优化页面中,只需记住下面一行代码即可。
<input type="text" disabled>form-control 优化页面disbaled 禁止其与用户有任何交互input输入框内阴影提示:
<form > <div > <label for="exampleInputEmail3">Email address</label> <input type="email" id="exampleInputEmail3" placeholder="Email"> </div> <div > <label for="exampleInputPassword3">Password</label> <input type="password" id="exampleInputPassword3" placeholder="Password"> </div> <div > <label> <input type="checkbox"> Remember me </label> </div> <button type="submit" >Sign in</button></form>实际效果图如下:
为 a、button 或 input 元素添加按钮类(button class)即可使用 Bootstrap 提供的样式。
想让谁变成按钮,就在他标签内添加class = "btn" 即可。
<!-- Standard button --><button type="button" >(默认样式)Default</button><!-- Provides extra visual weight and identifies the primary action in a set of buttons --><button type="button" >(首选项)Primary</button><!-- Indicates a successful or positive action --><button type="button" >(成功)Success</button><!-- Contextual button for informational alert messages --><button type="button" >(一般信息)Info</button><!-- Indicates caution should be taken with this action --><button type="button" >(警告)Warning</button><!-- Indicates a dangerous or potentially negative action --><button type="button" >(危险)Danger</button><!-- Deemphasize a button by making it look like a link while maintaining button behavior --><button type="button" >(链接)Link</button>实际效果图如下:

复制图标下面的代码不要和其他组件混合使用图标类不能和其它组件直接联合使用。它们不能在同一个元素上与其他类共同存在。应该创建一个嵌套的 <span> 标签,并将图标类应用到这个 <span> 标签上。只对内容为空的元素起作用图标类只能应用在不包含任何文本内容或子元素的元素上。综上以及学习bootstrap官网内容后,娱乐的代码如下:
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <link href="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="bootstrap-3.4.1-dist/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css"> <script src="bootstrap-3.4.1-dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="font-awesome-4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css"></head><body><nav > <div > <!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display --> <div > <button type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false"> <span >Toggle navigation</span> <span ></span> <span ></span> <span ></span> </button> <a href="#">Brand</a> </div> <!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling --> <div id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> <ul > <li ><a href="#">Link <span >(current)</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">Link</a></li> <li > <a href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span ></span></a> <ul > <li><a href="#">Action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li> <li role="separator" ></li> <li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li> <li role="separator" ></li> <li><a href="#">One more separated link</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <form > <div > <input type="text" placeholder="Search"> </div> <button type="submit" >Submit</button> </form> <ul > <li><a href="#">Link</a></li> <li > <a href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span ></span></a> <ul > <li><a href="#">Action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li> <li role="separator" ></li> <li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div><!-- /.navbar-collapse --> </div><!-- /.container-fluid --></nav><div > <div > <h3 >标题</h3> </div> <div > <div > <h1>Hello, world!</h1> <p>...</p> <p><a href="#" role="button">Learn more</a></p></div> </div></div><!-- Button trigger modal --><button type="button" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#myModal"> Launch demo modal</button><!-- Modal --><div id="myModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel"> <div role="document"> <div > <div > <button type="button" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> <h4 id="myModalLabel">Modal title</h4> </div> <div > ... </div> <div > <button type="button" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button> <button type="button" >Save changes</button> </div> </div> </div></div> <div > <div > <div > <div > <div > <a href="#" > <img src="https://img1.baidu.com/it/u=1875739781,4152007440&fm=253&fmt=auto&app=120&f=JPEG?w=1024&h=576" alt="..."> </a> </div> <div > <a href="#" > <img src="https://img1.baidu.com/it/u=1875739781,4152007440&fm=253&fmt=auto&app=120&f=JPEG?w=1024&h=576" alt="..."> </a> </div> <div > <a href="#" > <img src="https://img1.baidu.com/it/u=1875739781,4152007440&fm=253&fmt=auto&app=120&f=JPEG?w=1024&h=576" alt="..."> </a> </div> <div > <a href="#" > <img src="https://img1.baidu.com/it/u=1875739781,4152007440&fm=253&fmt=auto&app=120&f=JPEG?w=1024&h=576" alt="..."> </a> </div> </div> <div > <div role="progressbar" aria-valuenow="45" aria-valuemin="0" aria-valuemax="100" > <span >45% Complete</span> </div> </div> <div id="carousel-example-generic" data-ride="carousel"> <!-- Indicators --> <ol > <li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="0" ></li> <li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="1"></li> <li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="2"></li> </ol> <!-- Wrapper for slides --> <div role="listbox"> <div > <img src="..." alt="..."> <div > ... </div> </div> <div > <img src="..." alt="..."> <div > ... </div> </div> ... </div> <!-- Controls --> <a href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="prev"> <span aria-hidden="true"></span> <span >Previous</span> </a> <a href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="next"> <span aria-hidden="true"></span> <span >Next</span> </a></div> <div > <div > <div > <img src="https://img0.baidu.com/it/u=3112218522,2073304928&fm=253&fmt=auto&app=120&f=JPEG?w=500&h=1026" alt="..."> <div > <h3>Thumbnail label</h3> <p>...</p> <p><a href="#" role="button">Button</a> <a href="#" role="button">Button</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div > <div > <img src="https://img0.baidu.com/it/u=3112218522,2073304928&fm=253&fmt=auto&app=120&f=JPEG?w=500&h=1026" alt="..."> <div > <h3>Thumbnail label</h3> <p>...</p> <p><a href="#" role="button">Button</a> <a href="#" role="button">Button</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div > <div > <img src="https://img0.baidu.com/it/u=3112218522,2073304928&fm=253&fmt=auto&app=120&f=JPEG?w=500&h=1026" alt="..."> <div > <h3>Thumbnail label</h3> <p>...</p> <p><a href="#" role="button">Button</a> <a href="#" role="button">Button</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a href="" >点我</a> <input type="reset" > <input type="reset" > <input type="reset" > <input type="reset" > <h2 >用户数据 <span ></span></h2> <table > <thead> <tr> <th>ID</th> <th>NAME</th> <th>PWD</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr > <td>1</td> <td>jason</td> <td>123</td> </tr> <tr > <td>2</td> <td>kevin</td> <td>321</td> </tr> <tr > <td>3</td> <td>tony</td> <td>222</td> </tr> </tbody> <tbody></tbody> </table> <h2 >用户注册 <i aria-hidden="true" ></i></h2> <form action=""> <p>username: <input type="text" value="jason" disabled> </p> <p>password: <input type="text" > </p> <p> <input type="radio">男 <input type="radio">女 <input type="radio">其他 </p> <p> <select name="" id="" > <option value="">111</option> <option value="">222</option> <option value="">333</option> </select> </p> <input type="submit" > </form> <i ></i> <span >Loading...</span> <i ></i> <span >Loading...</span> <i ></i> <span >Loading...</span> <i ></i> <span >Loading...</span> <i ></i> <span >Loading...</span> <img src="..." alt="..." > <img src="..." alt="..." > <img src="..." alt="..." > </div> </div> </div></body></html>